FSTChapter+1

toc =Chapter 1: Exploring Data=

**1-1: Tables and Graphs**
Vocab: Statistics- Collecting, organizing, analyzing and interpreting information Data- information that is collected Variable(in FST)- A certain characteristic of the person of thing that is being examined Population- The entire set of objects in a study Sample- A portion of the population, used to study the entire population Survey- gathering information to be used in a study Random Sample- A sample where each member of the population has the same chance of being chosen Bar Graph- a graph that uses bars to represent data Circle Graph- a graph that is inside a circle. each section is a percentage and made up of angles originating from the same starting point in the middle of the circle. Summary: Lesson 1-1: The first part of the lesson is about picking out the variable, population, and sample in a word problem.The second is putting the data into bar and circle graphs.

Rob w and Dan H

**1-2: Stemplots and Dotplots**
Sometimes it is more convenient to show the dots as crosses. This is because dots can be more easily missed or deleted than crosses //**summary lesson 1-2:** this lesson is about visually representing data. This lesson is also about understanding what numbers mean on stemplots and dotplots. Lesson 1-2 also helps you to see what the data is representing and how you can determining something just from looking at the stemplot and dotplot. Finally Lesson 1-2 helps you to understand terms that may come up that are very beneficial to you understanding what is happening with the data.// mary g and alyssa w
 * distribution**-a visual way to represent data for easy comparison
 * stem-and-leaf plot or stem plot**- a graph used to represent data, leaf is last digit, stem is digits remaining, with a vertical line separating the stem and leaf http://regentsprep.org/Regents/math/data/stemleaf.htm (this explains stem-and-leaf plots but it is very easy to understand)
 * maximum**- largest number in a data set
 * minimum**-smallest number in data set
 * range-** difference between large number and small number
 * cluster**- a grouping of data points
 * gap**-a space between data points
 * outliers**-data points that are very different than the rest of the points in the data set
 * back-to-back stemplot**-the stem is written in the center of the display, with one set of leaves to the right of the stem and another set of leaves to the left
 * frequency**-number of times an item or event occurs
 * dotplot or dot frequency diagram-** A dot plot represents data as dots on a scale. For example, in the dot plot below, we show the time students take to get to school from home. There are five children who take 8 minutes to get to school because there are five dots above the 8 minute mark.

**1-3: Measures of Center**
Mean: average Median: middle Mode: most often Sigma: summation; looks like an "E" almost ^^Summation notation is a way to display the sum of the terms. The "n" represents all the terms, and f(i) and i=1 are both part of the index which tells where the value is..

= the mean, or

Shelby N. and Andrea M.

**1-4: Quartiles, Percentiles, and Box Plots**
Vocabulary: Quartiles-a set of values which divide an ordered set into four subsets of approximately equal size Second Quartile-the median of the set of data First(Lower) Quartile-the median of the numbers below the location of the median Third(Upper) Quartile-the median of the numbers above the median Interquartile Range-the difference Q3-Q1 Five Number Summary- Minimum X, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum X Percentile-a value in the set such that p percent of the numbers are less than or equal to that value Box Plot-Visual representation of the five number summary

Outliers: 1. Find IQR 2. Add (1.5xIQR) to the third quartile. (Any number larger than this is an outlier) 3. Subtract (1.5xIQR) to the first quartile. (Any number smaller than this is an outlier) Nate M.

**1-5: Histograms**
This lesson basically illustrates the many uses and types of histograms there are in the realm or math

**1-7: Variance and Standard Deviation**
~Variance: The average of the squared deviation ~Standard Deviation: The square root of the variance; how far from the mean the data is ~Five Steps to Variance and Standard Deviation 1. Find the Average 2. Find the deviation (difference) between each value and the average 3. Find the sum of the squares of the deviation 4. Divide the sum by the n-1 (This is the variance) 5. Square root the variance (This is the standard variation)
 * Deviation: The difference between a data point and the mean (x - average)

The Katies

**1-8: Who Wrote The Federalist Papers?**
This lesson talks about who wrote The Federalist Papers and some of the math skills you can use to try and find out. One way that the lesson says you can figure it out is by graphing. They take each persons writing styles and break it down by their word choice and chart it. Get a frequency chart saying how many times each word was used. After that they graphed what the chart said and came up with a conclusion. The lesson came up with the conclusion that James Madison wrote 11 of the 12 disputed papers and probably the 12th as well. This method is used in math today and this method is called cliometrics, named after the Greek historian Clio.

Travis D